Indonesia, with its potential in developing shrimp fisheries commodities, has achieved extraordinary achievements in the global market. According to Indonesia.go.id, in the period between January and April 2023, the export value of shrimp commodities reached 567 million US dollars, which is equivalent to around 8.7 trillion rupiah.With this achievement, Indonesia is proud to be ranked fourth as the largest shrimp exporting country in the world, after Ecuador, India and Vietnam. One of the superior varieties exported by Indonesia is vannamei shrimp.
Vannamei shrimp with scientific names Litopenaeus vannamei, is a very versatile species when it comes to cultivation. Its ability to live in a variety of environments, including seawater, freshwater, and saltwater, has made it a top choice in shrimp farming. In its contribution to shrimp exports, vannamei shrimp accounts for up to 85% of the total export volume. Its success in cultivation cannot be separated from its special characteristics, such as tolerance to wide salinity, ability to adapt to low temperatures, high survival rate, and good resistance to various diseases. Several vannamei shrimp cultivation centers in Indonesia include:
A. Jembrana, Bali, Indonesia
Vannamei shrimp ponds in Jembrana Regency, Bali
Jembrana Regency is a district located at the western tip of the island of Bali, Indonesia. The capital is in Negara District. Jembrana Regency borders Tabanan Regency to the east, Buleleng Regency to the north, the Bali Strait to the west, and the Indian Ocean to the south. According to Jembrana Regency BPS, at the end of 2020, the population of Jembrana Regency was 328,560 people.
Currently, 90 ponds with a diameter of 30 meters have been built in Jembrana Regency. The shrimp cultivation technology used is Ultra Intensive Aqua Agriculture Technology developed by MSF Situbondo and Lovina Bali which was created by Dr. Joe from Elon Research Center Lovina Bali in collaboration with Dr. Wendy Tri Prabowo, one of the researchers at the Situbondo Brackish Water Aquaculture Fisheries Center (BPBAP). The advantage of this technology compared to existing technology is that the stocking density can reach 2,000 individuals/m3. In a 50 day maintenance period, it reached an average weight of 10 grams with a productivity of 80 tons per hectare and an FCR of 1.6.
Head of BPBAP Situbondo, Nono Hartanto, highlighted the great potential that Jembrana Regency has in developing vannamei shrimp cultivation with advanced technology. According to him, all the parameters required for the development of vannamei shrimp cultivation have been fulfilled in the area. Dr. Joe, an expert involved in developing vannamei shrimp cultivation technology, also added that Jembrana meets all the parameters and requirements needed to implement this technology. From a geographical perspective, water quality, to the mineral content in the waters, everything supports optimal growth and development of vannamei shrimp.
The existence of all parameters and requirements that are met provides a strong foundation for the development of vannamei shrimp cultivation in Jembrana Regency. This shows that the potential for developing the vannamei shrimp fisheries sector in the area can be optimized well, thanks to environmental support that is appropriate to the growth needs of vannamei shrimp.
B. Situbondo, East Java, Indonesia
Vannamei shrimp ponds in Situbondo Regency, East Java
Situbondo Regency is a district in East Java, Indonesia with the government center and district capital in Situbondo District. This district is located on the north coast of the island of Java, in the Puntir area, and is surrounded by sugar cane plantations, tobacco, Baluran protected forests, and fishing business locations. With its strategic location, in the middle of the land transportation route between Java and Bali, its economic activities are quite active, one of which is the shrimp cultivation sector.
The Ministry of Maritime Affairs and Fisheries (KKP) has a program pilot project for Millennial Shrimp Farming (MSF) in ponds in Situbondo Regency. Head of BPBAP Situbondo, Nono Hartanto, said that the production target for MSF ponds in Situbondo Regency is 1.5 tons per pond or 30 tons per hectare in each cycle. MSF in Situbondo Regency has implemented technological innovation for cultivating round ponds with a diameter of 20 meters which can be installed and assembled with a stocking density of 250 fish per square meter. MSF in Situbondo Regency is innovating through the digitalization of ponds which includes providing CCTV, water quality measuring instruments, automatic feeders, nanobubbles, and pure oxygen equipped with data-based cultivation applications (smart farming).
Director General of Aquaculture KKP (2013-2021),Slamet Soebjakto, emphasized that the millennial pond concept has several advantages because it pays attention to environmental sustainability, as well as business sustainability. One of the main advantages of the millennial pond concept is that construction costs are cheaper compared to conventional ponds.
Apart from that, the millennial pond concept is also easier to operate, allowing farmers to manage ponds more efficiently and effectively. Lower risk management is also one of the advantages, because the technology applied in this concept allows better monitoring of pond conditions and shrimp health.
C. East Aceh, Aceh, Indonesia
